Preocuparea de a str\u00e2nge limba rom\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een corsetul unei gramatici unanim acceptate \u00eei b\u00e2ntuie pe intelectualii \u021a\u0103rilor Rom\u00e2ne mult\u0103 vreme, p\u00e2n\u0103 la apari\u021bia, \u00een 11 iunie 1780, a \u201eElementa linguae daco-romanae sive valachicae\u201d, lucrarea revolu\u021bionar\u0103 a doi \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba\u021bi, Samuil Micu \u0219i Gheorghe \u0218incai. Micu, nepotul ilustrului episcop Inochentie Micu-Klein, era un intelectual rafinat, teolog, filosof, traduc\u0103tor \u0219i istoric, autor al unei \u201eIstorii a rom\u00e2nilor\u201d, iar bunul s\u0103u prieten \u0219i fost coleg de \u0219coal\u0103, Gheorghe \u0218incai, era un apostol al cunoa\u0219terii de carte \u00een satele rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti din Ardeal. Un adev\u0103rat poliglot, acesta a f\u0103cut cercet\u0103ri extinse \u00een marile biblioteci europene, cu scopul de a cerceta originea \u0219i istoria rom\u00e2nilor. Ambii, devota\u021bi slujitori ai Bisericii Unite, s-au str\u0103duit s\u0103-\u0219i apere cona\u021bionalii \u00een vremuri potrivnice, prin puterea condeiului lor. F\u0103cuser\u0103 \u0219i al\u021bii \u00eencerc\u0103ri de a concepe o gramatic\u0103 rom\u00e2n\u0103, precum Dimitrie Eustatie Bra\u0219oveanul (la 1757) sau arhimandritul Macarie, dar lucrarea celor doi r\u0103m\u00e2ne indiscutabil prima lucrare serioas\u0103 \u00een domeniu. M\u00e2ndri reprezentan\u021bi ai \u0218colii ardelene, cei doi aleg s\u0103-\u0219i scrie lucrarea \u00een limba latin\u0103. \u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, pentru cu doreau s\u0103 demonstreze originea latin\u0103 a limbii rom\u00e2ne \u0219i, \u00een al doilea r\u00e2nd, pentru c\u0103 la vremea respectiv\u0103 latina era limba universal\u0103 a mediului \u0219tiin\u021bific european. Desigur, limba latin\u0103 nu se potrivea mereu particularit\u0103\u021bilor de rostire specifice limbii rom\u00e2ne, dar scopul era nobil c\u0103ci, conform lui Iorgu Iordan, \u201ePe l\u00e2ng\u0103 faptul c\u0103 este prima gramatic\u0103 tip\u0103rit\u0103 a limbii noastre, ea are meritul de a fi servit multor str\u0103ini, cunosc\u0103tori ai limbii latine s\u0103 \u00eenve\u021be rom\u00e2ne\u0219te \u0219i mai ales s\u0103-\u0219i dea seama de originea latin\u0103 a limbii noastre.\u201d Mul\u021bi au observat c\u0103 lucrarea celor doi c\u0103rturari era imperfect\u0103, iar fonetica rom\u00e2n\u0103 se sim\u021bea oprimat\u0103 \u00een chingile limbii latine, \u00eenrudit\u0103, dar nu identic\u0103, mai ales atunci c\u00e2nd era vorba de fonetic\u0103.<\/p>\n
Dar scopul era atins, iar s\u0103m\u00e2n\u021ba fusese plantat\u0103, inspir\u00e2ndu-i \u0219i pe al\u021bii, ca Ien\u0103chi\u021b\u0103 V\u0103c\u0103rescu, care scrie \u00een 1787 \u201eObserva\u021bii sau b\u0103g\u0103ri de seam\u0103 asupra regulelor \u0219i or\u00e2nduelelor Grammaticii rum\u00e2ne\u015fti\u201d, Radu Tempea, cu a lui \u201eTemeiurile gramaticii rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti\u201d, de prin 1815- 1820, sau Constantin Diaconovici-Loga, cu \u201eGramatica rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 pentru \u00eendreptarea tinerilor\u201d, din 1822. Tempea, de exemplu, r\u0103m\u00e2nea tributar grafiei chirilice, str\u0103in\u0103 spiritului limbii rom\u00e2ne, at\u00e2t de oropsite \u00een Transilvania, \u00een timp ce \u201eElementa linguae daco-romanae sive valachicae\u201d avea ca principal scop demonstrarea latinit\u0103\u021bii ei. \u00cen 1805, \u0218incai scria f\u0103r\u0103 a l\u0103sa loc de interpret\u0103ri: \u201e\u00cen \u00abGramatica\u00bb noastr\u0103 \u00abdaco-roman\u0103\u00bb ne-am str\u0103duit a demonstra \u00een tot felul formarea limbii rom\u00e2ne din latin\u0103 \u0219i, totodat\u0103, pe cei ce cunosc bine latina s\u0103-i \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m rom\u00e2na printr-o metod\u0103 mult mai u\u0219oar\u0103 \u0219i pe o cale mai scurt\u0103.\u201d Practic, aceast\u0103 lucrare revolu\u021bionar\u0103 va deveni un adev\u0103rat far c\u0103l\u0103uzitor pentru entuzia\u0219tii care se c\u0103zneau s\u0103 inventeze limba literar\u0103 modern\u0103. \u00cen orice caz, inten\u021bia celor doi autori dep\u0103\u0219ea cu mult simplul scop didactic, ea voia s\u0103 scoat\u0103 limba rom\u00e2n\u0103 de sub tutela unor limbi str\u0103ine \u0219i s\u0103 trimit\u0103 \u00een desuetudine scrierea chirilic\u0103. Datorit\u0103 celor doi ardeleni, limba rom\u00e2n\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i primea certificatul de maturitate \u0219i se preg\u0103tea s\u0103 ofere viitorilor clasici materia din care s\u0103-\u0219i pl\u0103m\u0103deasc\u0103 operele. Ast\u0103zi avem multe \u0219i savante manuale de gramatic\u0103, dar acestea \u0219i multe capodopere ale literaturii noastre ar fi ar\u0103tat altfel, dac\u0103 cei doi prieteni nu ar \u00eentocmit \u0219i publicat la Viena, \u00een 11 iunie 1780, prima gramatic\u0103 adev\u0103rat\u0103 a limbii noastre.<\/p>\n
Text de Radu B\u0103ie\u0219u, redactor \u0219i muzeograf, MNLR<\/p>\n
Fotografie: \u201eElementa linguae daco-romanae sive valachicae\u201d, expozi\u021bia de baz\u0103 a MNLR<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Preocuparea de a str\u00e2nge limba rom\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een corsetul unei gramatici unanim acceptate \u00eei b\u00e2ntuie pe intelectualii \u021a\u0103rilor Rom\u00e2ne mult\u0103 vreme,…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":13079,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13078","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-evenimente","category-recomandari"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mnlr.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13078","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mnlr.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mnlr.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mnlr.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mnlr.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13078"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mnlr.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13078\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13080,"href":"https:\/\/mnlr.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13078\/revisions\/13080"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mnlr.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13079"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mnlr.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13078"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mnlr.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13078"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mnlr.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13078"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}